![]() ![]() Image: CC BY 2.0-imcountingufozĬ - We get a lot of questions about gluten-free beer. Italian ‘barley free’ beer, made with hops and sorghum.Caption: Estrella Damm Beer. Gluten free ale using sorghum - one, raspberry flavoured. Made with “Australian grown malted sorghum, millet, rice, buckwheat and other grains”. Uses millet, rice, sorghum, amaranth and buckwheat.Ĭanberra-based. Some gluten-reduced beers made from a barley base, but also three (blonde ale, pale ale, raspberry ale), using no gluten-containing ingredients (sorghum, brown rice, corn).Īlso offer an Oatmeal Cream Stout, which uses certified GF oats.įorager Lager - made from millet and rice. Includes a Dark Ale, Light Ale and an IPA. Use ingredients such as chestnuts, lentils, tapioca, brown rice and sorghum. Ten beers, including an APA, IPA and a Stout. Use quinoa, corn, millet, amaranth and other naturally GF grains, plus coffee, chocolate, chestnut, orange and other botanicals. Use oats in most products, as well as millet, rice and buckwheat. Glutenator - made with millet, sweet potatoes, and brown rice. Offer both GF and non-GF beers, so check carefully before buying. Large selection, including Irish Red Ale, Chocolate Milk Stout and more. “We use naturally gluten free grains like millet, rice, buckwheat, and sorghum, and we also work carefully to make sure that our other ingredients, things like yeast, honey, hops, and spices, are also gluten free.”Ī selection of five beers - “buckwheat, millet, and rice make up the majority of our malts, but we also use oats, maize, and other ingredients that do not contain any gluten”. “Our beers are made from malted rice, millet, oatmeal, and buckwheat in a variety of styles that are both classic and unique”Īvailable in Washington and Oregon. Large selection - uses millet, buckwheat, quinoa. Large variety of naturally GF beers - from grains such as rice, millet, sorghum and Ethiopian teff. These are Discovery (an amber ale), Dry Hopped Lager, IPA, plus the stronger Tripel (8.5%) and Dubbel (7%) ales.ĭistinguishable from their barley-based beers as they carry ‘naturally gluten free’ labelling.Ī German millet-based beer, available from Beers of Europe in the UK.Ĭircuit Breaker - made with malted millet and buckwheat. Some barley beers, plus five beers made using alternative grains such as sorghum, brown rice, buckwheat, millet. ![]() Currently producing two NGCI ales, based on their own malted UK-grown millet, with quinoa, rice and buckwheat - Blonde Ale (pictured right), and Random Pale. ![]() One of the few naturally gluten-free brewers in the UK, operating from the tiniest brewery in Essex. So for them, here is a list of beers made only from alternative and GF grain sources - for example, quinoa, rice, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, corn - available in UK, the US / Canada, Australia, and Europe. Some celiacs, very understandably, avoid all such wheat- or barley-based beers. They are often described instead as ‘gluten removed’ or ‘gluten reduced’, and can be labelled ‘processed to remove gluten’. In the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, they cannot. In the UK / EU, such beers can be labelled gluten-free. The safety to coeliacs of these beers - which are typically made by the addition of an enzyme to break down the gluten fragments - remains hotly debated. Most gluten free beer is made with barley. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Orfield, Jr., a law professor at the University of Minnesota, heater cases were diverted to “judges statistically far more likely to convict.” Some cops tried to avoid the stress of such cases: in 2005, a retired detective told the Chicago Tribune, “You pray to God not to give you a heater case.” Others, like Boudreau, didn’t shirk the challenge. Many crimes went unsolved.Ĭases that attracted significant media attention, however, often became known as “heaters,” drawing the resources necessary to make arrests and secure convictions. Tenants, seeing police below, sometimes threw trash from their windows. The neighborhood was overwhelmingly black, but the police force was overwhelmingly white, and it struggled to establish authority. “They were killing people left and right,” Kenneth Boudreau, a veteran detective who served in Area One, told me. Robbery, rape, and murder were commonplace. Their territory included the notorious Robert Taylor Homes, twenty-eight public-housing towers whose stairwells were controlled by drug gangs. Even in a city that was averaging three murders a day, Area One detectives were exceptionally busy. ![]() Homicide investigators from Area One, the branch responsible for the neighborhood around Fifty-eighth and Michigan, took up the case. Dental records confirmed that it was Morgan. The body was naked, except for a black-and-white pin-striped shirt. 38-calibre gunshot wound in the stomach and two more in the back. A forensic team arrived to find a decomposing male corpse on the floor, between the front and back seats, with a. Neighbors had reported a putrid smell escaping from a cracked rear window. Nine days after Morgan disappeared, the Cavalier was found parked in front of a run-down building on South Michigan Avenue, near Fifty-eighth Street. Police created a toll-free number to encourage leads and plastered the South Side with photographs of him. Morgan’s disappearance made the Chicago evening news. After nightfall, she notified the police that her son was missing. Morgan always called to say that he’d be late. “He would never back off from family,” Peete told me.Įscoffery stared at the phone for hours. Escoffery had warned her son to be wary of such gestures, but he welcomed them. He had attended his son’s basketball games and made other efforts at reconciliation: that day, he had booked a room for Morgan and his girlfriend, Lorena Peete, at a local Days Inn. ![]() ![]() Morgan’s father, Marshall Morgan, Sr., had recently come back into his life, after an absence of seventeen years. “All we had was each other,” Escoffery told me. She and Morgan were close: she became pregnant at fifteen and brought him up, an only child, on her own. When Morgan didn’t come home, his mother, Marcia Escoffery, grew worried. His coach, Ed McQuillan, told me recently that Morgan was a “great kid” and a complete player, who was “quicker than hell, great on defense-he could shoot long, and he could drive and penetrate.” The season had just ended, and he had performed notably well, averaging eighteen points and three steals a game he had been the runner-up for the Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference’s most-valuable-player award. Morgan was a twenty-year-old sophomore at the Illinois Institute of Technology, where he played point guard on the basketball team. After he got the car cleaned, he planned to return home and spruce himself up: he had a date with his girlfriend that night. It was a warm day, and he wore denim shorts, a black-and-white pin-striped shirt, and black sneakers. Morgan was borrowing the car and, in return, had agreed to get it washed. At around two-thirty in the afternoon on May 8, 1993, Marshall Morgan left his mother’s house, on the South Side of Chicago, and drove off in her light-blue Chevrolet Cavalier. ![]() ![]() ![]() To accomplish all of this, you’re going to need the necessary supplies.Ī desk lamp illuminates your studying space long into the night. ![]() Learning means going to class, communicating with classmates and professors, doing homework and studying. The ultimate job of a student in college is to learn. Wall decor (we love tapestries, string lights, and photo displays).Don’t forget to look up your school’s policies on wall decor to be safe on what you can and can’t use!īe sure to pick up these decorating essentials for your dorm room: Consider buying a few basic tools– like a screwdriver, hammer and nails– just in case you need to make a few small repairs if something breaks. Remember to pick up 3M adhesive products including command strips to secure your wall decor. Bean bag chairs, ottomans, futons, or pouf pillows create extra seating options for both you and visitors.īring in some indoor plants to liven up your room, just be sure to be taking care of them! Or if you don’t trust yourself, you can bring in fake plants and planters to decorate the area. Some more useful or practical ideas include a full-length mirror, area rugs (those bare floors are cold!), or a dry erase board. Image courtesy of Dormify.Ĭonsider posters, photos (with or without frames), canvas art, or wall decals to add your own touch and occupy some of that giant blank wall space. You will definitely feel a deal of security when you get to cuddle up with your fluffy friend at night.Īmplify your room with some unique wall decor, like this Maeve Wavy Neon Mirror. Plus, when it's not so chilly out, you can sleep on top of the comforter if you need extra fluff!ĭon’t be shy to bring your favorite stuffed animals as well to make your bed extra comfortable. Adding a fleece throw and twin XL comforter for colder nights will also feel like a giant hug from Mom while you're away. If you’re wanting to be safe, some people pack two sets of sheets, just in case you ruin the first set. Universities don't supply pillows, pillowcases, or twin XL sheets, so make sure you pack those as well. To make your bed a soft oasis, you'll want to buy a mattress topper designed to fit your Twin XL bed – it’ll cushion your body in all the right ways after a hard day of school, work, and homework. The goal in choosing college bedding is to make your dorm bed as comfortable as possible, since sleep plays such a crucial role in your overall health.ĭorm bed mattresses tend to be firm and not very comfortable because firm mattresses are more durable than soft ones, and they're easier to keep clean. Getting your bedding situation taken care of ensures the rest of your school year will be cozy and comfortable, which is just what you want it to be.Ĭollege dorm room beds are a pretty standard twin XL size, which despite the extra-large name can feel small to those who are used to double- or queen-sized beds. These are perhaps the most essential dorm room essentials. When you think of packing for college, your mind probably goes right to bedding. after a class is added to the rich text element using the "When inside of" nested selector system. ![]() Headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, figures, images, and figure captions can all be styled after a class is added to the rich text element using the "When inside of" nested selector system. Asdfasdfasdfasdf How to customize formatting for each rich text ![]() ![]() On some devices, particularly mobile, opening this file type can be problematic. On Windows, it opens in Windows Media Player. There is no need for third-party software. Simply double-clicking the file opens it. MP4 files open in the operating system's default video player. Many consider MP4 to be one of the best video formats available today. It is also a popular video format for streaming over the Internet, such as on YouTube. It is compatible with a wide range of devices and operating systems, using a codec to compress file size, resulting in a file that is easy to manage and store. MPEG-4 (MP4) is a container video format that can store multimedia data, usually audio and video. Choose a lower CRF value for better video quality (at the expense of larger file sizes) Both codecs allow you to select a CRF value (video quality factor). We recommend using an advanced codec like H.265 or H.264 for encoding the video. How to convert MP4 at the highest quality? While these two issues can not be recovered, can still help you play your MP4 files by making them compatible with old devices (Enable this option after selecting H.264 codec from the Advanced Options). If you can not play the MP4 video, it could be corrupted (i.e. You can also adjust video quality, resolution, bitrate, and much more. For example, you can choose an advanced video codec like H.265 for better video quality and size savings. Plus, we provide the most comprehensive and easy-to-understand Advanced Options which can help you fine-tune the MP4 conversion quality. Simply upload your videos and click the Convert button to convert them to MP4 format. What is the best way to convert to mp4 format?į’s MP4 Converter is the fastest and best way to convert to and from MP4 format. It is free to download/use and has better codec support. If your native video player can not play your MP4 video, we highly recommend the VLC Media Player. For Windows users, Windows Media Player can also play MP4 files. For Mac users, the QuickTime video player can easily play MP4 files. MP4 format is popular because it can be played on most devices or browsers. What programs can be used to play MP4 videos? ![]() Select a target extension from the Output dropdown ![]() How do I convert MP4 files to other formats? From the Output dropdown, select MP4 as the target output Select the video files that you want to convert to mp4 format How do I convert my videos to MP4 format? ![]() ![]() ![]() It may start out like that, but if it evolves into something else you haven’t lost anything. If you want a family, go have one, as a band isn’t a family. We have a great relationship, and the key is knowing its limitations. Do you guys still hang out together off-stage?Ī: “Well, Gene Simmons lives five minutes away - I can see his ego from here (laughs). Q: So many bands implode after they make it big. That’s what I grew up with, and it inspired me to create passion, chaos, something sexually aggressive that’d celebrate life. It’s a great album of its genre with all the elements of all the classic bands that I listened to - all the music that inspired me - The Who, the Stones, Humble Pie, (Eric) Clapton, (Jimi) Hendrix, Led Zeppelin. I was asked if it’s a great Kiss album and I said, forget about Kiss - I truly believe it’s far beyond being a Kiss album. Its heart is beating, and it’s chained down until we release it in October. Q: What about the new album which you also produced? What can fans expect from that?Ī: “‘Monster’ is done. There’s no ego clashes, and this is another way to give fans more than just a concert - it’s an event.” We always figured, let a band go out and do the greatest show they can, and that’ll only amp us up to do what we do that much better. Motley’s co-headlining, and one thing we didn’t want to do was the kind of sabotage between bands that happens. How much of it’s true I don’t know, but we have to live up to that.”Ī: “The apocalypse! It’s a lot more than people usually get in one night. We’re really up against our own reputation and the legend of what KISS is supposed to be, and that grows bigger and bigger. I’m very excited about it but I also know there’s a lot to live up to. Q: After all these years, do you still feel pressure when you hit the road?Ī: “I do. ![]() KISS guitarist and singer Paul Stanley recently spoke to Reuters about the tour, the band’s new album “Monster,” and the secret to the group’s longevity. The band, with its painted faces and pyrotechnics, was among the biggest acts of the 1970s, coming out of the glam rock era with hits like “Rock and Roll All Nite” as a predecessor of 1980s the heavy metal groups that included Motley Crue. No tortoise (N = 8) used the same hibernaculum during both years of the study.Paul Stanley, lead vocalist of rock band Kiss, poses for a portrait at his home in Beverly Hills, California May 15, 2012. Hibernacula used by males provided greater thermal buffering than those used by females. Temperatures in hibernacula of females fluctuated over a wider range than temperatures in hibernacula of males. ![]() Minimum temperatures of hibernacula of females (x̄ = 4.3 C) were lower than minimum temperatures of hibernacula of males (x̄ = 9.3 C). Maximum temperatures of hibernacula of females (x̄ = 24.5 C) were consistently higher than maximum temperatures of hibernacula of males (x̄ = 18.2 C), but the difference was not significant. Male tortoises used longer hibernacula (x̄ = 118.3 cm) than females (x̄ = 24.4 cm). Burrows were often also associated with live vegetation, dead and downed vegetation, and/or packrat (Neotoma albigula) nests. Hibernacula included burrows in silt, silt with loose gravel, diatomite and/or diatomaceous marl, and beneath layers of well-lithified volcanic ash. Tortoises hibernated primarily on steep south-facing slopes. We quantified aspects of hibernaculum use by desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in the San Pedro Valley, Arizona. ![]() ![]() ![]() Although they may look the same on the outside, they have different internal components, so an Echo attachment will not fit on a Ryobi tool and vice versa. Ryobi and Echo both make a wide range of attachment-compatible cordless power tools, but they are not interchangeable. No, Ryobi attachments do not fit on an Echo tool. Will Ryobi expand it attachments fit echo? With the help of these many different attachments, you’ll be able to take care of any job with ease!. Overall, the Ryobi Expand-It system is an incredibly versatile tool for tackling a variety of yard and garden projects. Pruner Attachment – This attachment manages pruning tasks with ease.Lawn Sweeper Attachment – This attachment helps save time by collecting leaves and other debris from your lawn.Tiller/Cultivator Attachment – This attachment is ideal for tackling large garden projects.Brush Cutter Attachment – This attachment helps you quickly and easily remove parks and overgrown grass.Pole Saw Attachment – This attachment allows you to reach high branches without needing a ladder.Blower Attachment – This attachment helps make outdoor clean-up quick and efficient.Hedge Trimmer Attachment – This attachment allows you to trim and shape hedges quickly and easily.Edger/Cultivator Attachment – This attachment is designed to help you edge and cultivate soil in your yard and garden.It is much larger at 5250’ sq ft.How To Reset Hampton Bay Ceiling Fan Remote? Everything Explained I plan on trying this in my backyard soon. The motor did not let out any smoke or weird smells, it kept up just fine. Not bad in my eyes considering its an 18v broom doing a job it was not intended to do. I was finished with the whole job half way through the last battery, so figure 20 mins to dethatch 1650 sq ft of lawn. All the batteries were fully charged and I did not stop once the timer started. On HIGH, the second and third battery lasted 7:20 and 9:30. On LOW, the the first battery lasted 8:15 (MM:SS). ![]() I used the broom as a tiller to do my front yard. I have a Ryobi 18v pole saw, and an ego hedge trimmer, so those tools aren't needed.ĮDIT: Battery life. In the future, I want to try the snowblower (although the sweeper might move the same amount of snow), and maybe the jet fan blower, as awkward to use as it looks. I didn't want to get a third battery setup, and the 56v Ego attachment capable stuff is too rich for my wallet. ![]() I have 30+ Roybi 18v tools, and 2 ego 56v lawn tools. I'm sure the 40v head is much more powerful. I was able to get some good looking lines fairly quick. The unit has an auto shutoff if it senses an object so if I started the edger and the blade hit the curb, it will stop the motor. It will want to pull itself forward, so a back and forth motion is what you will want to do. ![]() It weight enough that it will sink through the grass and pull the thatch right up. As a dethatcher, its great! Turn the unit upside down (wheels up) and let it rip. I am going to have to adjust the wheels to see if that helps. It's very difficult to get the correct pressure on it to move material correctly. I wanted to use it as a small lightweight dethatcher. I didn't buy this to use it for its intended purpose. The sweeper was used yesterday for the first time. You can let it chip away, but for the sake of time a shovel may be quicker. Since the unit does not have much weight, it's not good as it. Once I figured this out it worked really well. You really cannot push the tool far, just let it use its weight to get the job done. As the compost is wet and sticky, it stalled a few times. I then removed the spikes on 1 side and used it to cut a edge line around a bed in the ground. I first used it in a raised bed that I'm going to be planting in soon. I had a small gas craftsman setup that was unreliable, but when it worked, it worked well. It certainly isn't the most powerful unit. I've done all 3 of these things and I can say it does them all well. I wanted a lightweight tiller that I can do my raised beds, turn my compost, and cut bed edges. The tiller is the real reason I bought this setup. The unit is pretty light, and I can see using it for a while before getting tired. The quick load head worked the first time I reloaded it. The bump feed head performs fine, and makes this like a true weed wacker. There isn't much speed control with the trigger, the High/low switch is going to be more useful. There is some delay with the brushless motor spooling up, but once its going its fine. I had an older Ryobi 18v string trimmer that I thought was okay. The trimmer with the new brushless setup is very powerful. I bought 3 Expand-it accessories, and had one from an old gas setup that my father uses.Ĭraftman brand Edger ( Very similar to this) I recently got into the Expand-it line with the purchase of Ryobi 18v Brushless string trimmer. ![]() ![]() The Retro F-150 strikes us as a tidy package to liven up your truck that doesn't scream brodozer. The current F-150 color palette isn't the most exciting - several shades of gray, black, white, two very similar blues, two reds, and a dark green. Right now, Beechmont says it's experiencing a six- to seven-month wait time due to delays with production (likely the microchip shortage). Among the Day-Glo-obsessed, however, green perhaps glowed the brightest. Green is a strange color out of all the hues from the muscle car era, green tends to age the worst to contemporary eyes. We don't know when or if this item will be back in stock. Finally, a 3.5-inch lift rounds out the package.īeechmont requires a $500 deposit, but the total package cost depends on the options chosen, such as a Roush cat-back exhaust, and the base truck. 1969 Shelby GT500 Convertible in Grabber Green Mecum. Avery SW900-646-M GLOSS BRIGHT BLUE METALLIC 5ft x 10ft (50 Sq/ft) Supreme Vinyl Car Wrap Film Brand: Avery Dennison 17 ratings Currently unavailable. First introduced in 1969, the color gained widespread popularity throughout the early ‘70s, particularly on that eras Boss 302 pony cars. Further retro touches include a chrome bed rack fitted with KC Daylighter lights and 17-inch chrome wheels wrapped in 35-inch BF Goodrich white-lettered all-terrain tires. Last Updated J Andrew Boyle Grabber Blue is one of the most iconic Mustang paint colors of all time. To that, the dealer and adds a Satin Pearl wrap to give it the two-tone look, though Beechmont says that a paint option is available as well. It starts with a 2021 or 2022 F-150 in any trim level, although XLT or Lariat with the Chrome Package is recommended, thanks to the copious amounts of brightwork that those come with. ![]() It's not an official Dearborn creation, but was obviously done in tribute to the Blue Oval. The so-called BFP Retro F-150 comes from Cincinnati-area dealer Beechmont Ford. Now that cars are all boringly painted, it's refreshing to see that a dealership is out to re-create that 1980s F-150 look with brand new 2021 F-150 trucks. That look came with a base color of red or blue (though teal would have been acceptable), and white flanks. For those who came of age in the 1980s, the quintessential Ford F-150 pickup was two-tone. ![]() ![]() It has a flow rate of almost two liters per minute, which means it’s one of the fastest filters on the market. This convenient water filter is one of the most popular tools for backpackers. Here are some of the top gravity and inline filters that you can find. This means that they aren’t ideal if you’re on multi-day treks. You’ll also need to spend lots of time setting these systems up. One of the biggest downsides of these filters is that they tend to be heavy and take up lots of space. There are other types that deliver clean water through a hose, which you can place inside the containers that you want to fill. Some gravity filters use an additional plastic bladder that collects purified water. They are easy to use and extremely effective at filtering large amounts of clean water.Īll you need to do is fill the unpurified water pouch, connect the filter to the hose (or port), and wait for the water to filter through the purifier. They are an ideal kind of water purifier if you’re backpacking in groups of four or more. These systems use inline filters to purify water. Find the Best Water Filtration System for Backpacking Today.That's just one way we like to take care of our customers. As long as it's available from one of the manufacturers that we represent, we'll happily special order it for you at no extra charge. ![]() If you're looking for a particular hydration product or accessory that we don't carry, just let us know. That's because we only sell top-quality products that we know work. It's a good thing we know hydration equipment! You'll benefit from all of our experimenting when you order your hiking hydration packs, bladders or camping water filters from AvidMax. Spending that much time outdoors means we can really work up a thirst. We avidly spend as much time as possible fishing, hiking, and camping.
![]() ![]() Inspired by the greats of soccer, this low-top sneaker offers a snug fit and a timeless look, perfect for everyday wear. The famous Samba has stood at the forefront of sneaker culture for decades, and, today, it continues to reign supreme as a must-have for any collection. ![]() Adiclub-logo alert-error alert-info alert-success alert-warning broken-image checkmark contact-email contact-phone customization forbidden locked logo personalisation-flag personalization rating-active rating-inactive size-guide tooltip usp-checkmark usp-delivery-cash usp-delivery-delay usp-delivery-evening usp-delivery-same-day usp-delivery-store usp-delivery usp-exchange usp-free-returns usp-gift-card usp-klarna usp-sale arrow-back arrow-down arrow-left-long arrow-left arrow-right-long arrow-right arrow-up bag-active bag-inactive calendar-active calendar-inactive chat checkbox-checkmark checkmark-full clipboard close cross-small download dropdown edit external-link filter fullscreen hamburger hd-filled hd-outline hide-active hide-inactive locate-target lock minus notification-active notification-inactive pause-outline pin-small pin play-filled play-outline plus profile reload sd-filled sd-outline search share sound-off-filled sound-off-outline sound-on-filled sound-on-outline subtitles-cc-filled subtitles-cc-outline subtitles-filled subtitles-outline wishlist-active wishlist-inactive zoom-out zoom facebook google instagram-filled instagram messenger pinterest runtastic tiktok-default tiktok twitter vk whatsapp yahoo youtubeįind fresh energy with iconic footwear–Samba shoes by adidas. ![]() ![]() ![]() By July 1933 he was settled in Cambridge with financial support from the Rockefeller Foundation. ![]() An admirer, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins at the University of Cambridge, immediately came to his rescue, and persuaded the university to recruit Krebs to work with him in the Department of Biochemistry. Krebs received his official dismissal from his job in April 1933, and his service was terminated on 1 July 1933. With the rise of Hitler's Nazi Party to power, Germany decreed the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, which decreed the removal of all non-Germans, and anti-Nazis, from professional occupations. Krebs's life as a respected German scientist came to an abrupt halt in 1933 because of his Jewish ancestry. Together they also developed a complex aqueous solution (a buffer), or perfusion ex vivo, for studying blood flow in arteries, which is now called the Krebs–Henseleit buffer.) In 1932 he published the basic chemical reactions of urea cycle, which established his scientific reputation. It is now known as the urea cycle, and is sometimes also referred to as the Krebs–Henseleit cycle. Before a year was over at Freiburg, he, with research student Kurt Henseleit, published their discovery of the ornithine cycle of urea synthesis, which is the metabolic pathway for urea formation. At Freiburg he was in charge of about 40 patients, and was at liberty to do his own research. The next year he moved to the Medical Clinic of the University of Freiburg. After four years in 1930, with 16 publications to his credit, his mentor Warburg urged him to move on and he took up the position of Assistant in the Department of Medicine at the Municipal Hospital in Altona (now part of Hamburg). He was paid a modest 4800 marks per year. In 1926 Krebs joined Otto Heinrich Warburg as a research assistant at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology in Dahlem, Berlin. He earned his MD degree in 1925 from the University of Hamburg. In 1924 he studied at the Department of Chemistry at the Pathological Institute of the Charité Hospital, in Berlin, for training in chemistry and biochemistry. By then he had turned his professional goal from becoming a practising physician to becoming a medical researcher, particularly in biochemistry. To obtain a Doctor of Medicine degree, and a medical license, he spent one year at the Third Medical Clinic in the University of Berlin. He completed his medical course in December 1923. He did this work under the guidance of Wilhelm von Mollendorf starting it in 1920. In 1923 he published his first scientific paper on a tissue staining technique. In 1919 he transferred to the University of Freiburg. Krebs decided to follow his father's profession and entered the University of Göttingen in December 1918 to study medicine. With the end of the war two months later, his conscription ended. He was allowed to take an emergency examination for his high school diploma, which he passed with such a high score that he suspected the examiners of being "unduly lenient and sympathetic". Near the end of World War I, in September 1918, six months short of completing his secondary school education, he was conscripted into the Imperial German Army. Krebs attended the famous old Gymnasium Andreanum in his home town. He descended from Jewish-Silesian ancestry and was the middle of three children, older sister Elisabeth and younger brother Wolfgang. Krebs was born in Hildesheim, Germany, to Georg Krebs, an ear, nose, and throat surgeon, and Alma Krebs (née Davidson). Krebs died in 1981 in Oxford, where he had spent 13 years of his career from 1954 until his retirement in 1967 at the University of Oxford. With Hans Kornberg, he also discovered the glyoxylate cycle, which is a slight variation of the citric acid cycle found in plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi. The former, often eponymously known as the "Krebs cycle", is the key sequence of metabolic reactions that provides energy in the cells of humans and other oxygen-respiring organisms and its discovery earned Krebs a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953. He is best known for his discoveries of two important sequences of chemical reactions that take place in the cells of humans and many other organisms, namely the citric acid cycle and the urea cycle. He was a pioneer scientist in the study of cellular respiration, a biochemical process in living cells that extracts energy from food and oxygen and makes it available to drive the processes of life. Sir Hans Adolf Krebs ( / k r ɛ b z, k r ɛ p s/ 25 August 1900 – 22 November 1981) was a German-born British biologist, physician and biochemist. ![]() |
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